I kind off edited my post some time ago...
That doesn't concern me. Your main argument was that Gamakichi and/or Gamabunta alone would be capable of defeating 100% Katsuyu. I was addressing that with my post.
How much difference would 50% of Kurama's chakra make? Naturally the Jubi would have to apply more effort in his feat of easily overpowering both of the bijuu but the end result is all the same. And I don't recall the Jubi ever needing to channel chakra into its finger to deflect the bomb. He simply flicked it away with sheer size alone.
We've seen similar events like this one take place like with Tobi using his foot and leg to redirect Kakashi's Raiton infused kunai at Naruto (an appendage I don't recall was ever stated to have been supplied with chakra to deflect the projectile so it was clearly managed with Tobi's body alone).
Well, because as I said, both Mokuton and the Slugs seem to have that in common, the healing property, thus making it similar.
Inherent restorative abilities aren't exclusive to Mokuton or the slugs. Sasuke noted in his mind that the power of the white snake (Orochimaru) expedited his recover and I believe the Uzumaki Clan was mentioned to have an exceptional healing rate as well.
Mokuton and the slugs are the pinnacle of healing, but the ability is manageable through independent means.
1. Yamato was just a replica of Hashirama's and he said he couldn't use it at Hashi's scale.
As for it being the source, I wouldn't call it that far-fetched. If you look at the tree and look at Hashirama's SM there are quite some similarities between them.
A tree that blooms which is similar to Hashi's blooming forest from which he puts to sleep people, sucks chakra, same with Hashi's being able to do so with the bijuus, also for the healing part, as we saw with Naruto, when he hit zetsu, is like trees came to live which could equal Hashi's SM healing properties.
What that basically describes is the effects of an element passed genetically from person to the other; evidenced by Yamato, Danzo, Tobi, and Madara achieving it despite having no original biological relation to Hashirama. If a senjutsu variation derived from Mokuton indeed existed then would it not be teachable to others? How does it have any sort of connection to a creature or its habitat that has no relation to Mokuton?
Plus, trees via the forests and slugs are related given that slugs live in the forest.
That's describing a location known as the humid bone forest, not a vegetative environment that would be conducive to Hashirama's technique.
So for me, I still hold my belief that it's a somewhat linked thing, however, different in some aspects and each with his SM.
But I guess we'll see it clarified later in the series. Not to mention, why woulnţt Kishi make a connection between the forest and Hashi by now, yet when it comes to that, it's only in the context with Tsunade/Sakura?
Why would Kimmimaro be related to Shikkotsu Forest or Hagoromo's mother despite having no affiliation with the slugs or the Sage? It's simply coincidence (as rare as it might be like the Nagato's paths being shinobi whom Jiraiya fought personally or Gaara having a unique mini bijuu transformation that's unlike the other shrouds).
2. True, there are some things here and there that need to be explained. There are multiple things I can guess.
It's either indeed SM but it begs the question, how did he get a contract with the slugs since he didn't have Byakugo seal as it was shown that you need the seal in order to be able to summon them.
Where was it stated that you needed the Byakugou seal to summon Katsuyu?
It's either Mokuton Senpou only that when you get into SM you get a special kind of "weaponry" aka the Senju Kannon statue and the self healing [because as we saw, without the SM activated he didn't heal]
Self healing is an existing ability used by others who have no affiliation to Mokuton though. I think Samehada is able to self restore itself using the chakra it eats from others. We know that linked healing is possible for the user at least.
OR
It's SSM and he got it through Mito who had that forehead diamond which could somewhat grant him access to the slugs via her.
But given the similarities I have seen, I tend to believe, as I said, that it has to do with the Mokuton itself. Otherwise, why haven't the slugs interacted with Hashirama till now?
Why didn't the frogs interact with Minato personally? Because the current circumstances are too stringent to allow for idle conversation.
3. Trust me, I did, but it doesn't fit. Hashi was never associated with Slugs till now, he never even spoke to Katsuyu till now. The one you can associate is rather with Mito than him as she had the Byakugo diamond seal.
There's an association between the seal and Katsuyu, but it's never been stated to be a prerequisite for summoning slugs. If it was mentioned then a chapter and page number would appropriately confirm it.
As for what it is, I know what it is, but going behind that, if you leave that up, the similarities between the tree and his mokuton is rather quite strong.
Think about it, he could very well have one because:
Three magic places associated with the 3 animals that was said to known/attain/whatever Senjutsu as in, Natural Energy.
But then, with the whole Bijuu transformation thing, in-between, we get another mention of Natural Energy. And that being TenTails... which surprinsingly transforms into a tree that has similar traits with Hashi's SM and techniques.
Thus, we have a 4th mention of Natural Energy which breaks the whole 3 magic places. Thus, we can conclude that besides those 3 magic places, there's an ultimate source of Natural Energy that is the Tree itself [somehow, dunno, this need to be further explained] which only leads logically to the idea that his SM is unique to him and has nothing to do with the Animal Trinity and their Natural Energy possesion/Sage Modes.
Again, I'm inquiring as to how Hashirama's Mokuton is somehow connected to his Sage Mode which is being ascribed to the bijuu now. We understand that Mokuton is transferable via genetics. Is it some form of mutation in Hashirama's blood alone which created the effects of this elemental combination and its affiliation to the bijuu? How did that occur in only Hashirama?
Furthermore, if Mokuton is related to the slugs, then why and how does that connection exist? Wouldn't it lend credence to the assumption that Hashirama's senjutsu is derived from slugs?
Kurama distinguished his own power from the sage arts despite the fact that his entire being is composed of natural energy; he's a fraction of the bijuu's power. If the forces of nature and the bijuu are one in the same, then why the distinction? Why was Naruto's Kagutsuchi Rasenshuriken powered by Kurama unable to hurt Tobi? The chakra used would technically classify as sage chakra, shouldn't it?
Hashirama's power is classified as sage arts, but is it the same power as the bijuu? That's the question.